In vivo cardiac pacemaker function of differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue transplanted into porcine hearts

Figure 2 Heart rate assessment. Evaluated by electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in pigs with transplanted differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (green, n = 6) or transplanted native human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (red, n = 6) and in pigs treated with PBS (blue, n = 6). A: Intrinsic heart rate recordings before ablation and on day 14 after ablation (intervention rate of the electronic pacemaker device switched from 40 to 30 bpm during recordings); B: Basal and stimulated heart rates, recorded on day 14 after ablation. Chronotropic responsiveness was induced by simulation with epinephrine (1 mg) IV and atropine (0.5 mg) IV. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.001, showing statistical significance. PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; nhaMSC: Native human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue; dhaMSC: Differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue.