Induction of differentiation of human stem cells ex vivo: Toward large-scale platelet production

Table 1 Some major advances in bioreactors in platelet formation and platelet release from 2013 to 2018

Type of bioreactor	Principles and methods	Designers / users
Two-directional flow bioreactor	The bioreactor consisted of two-directional flow, in which the angle between the directions of the main and pressure flow is 60 degrees	Nakagawa et al[74], 2013
Microfluidic platelet bioreactor	The bioreactor is based on polydimethylsiloxane bonded to glass slides to construct some upper and lower microfluidic channel	Thon et al[70], 2014
Spinning-membrane filtration device	Separating in-vitro-derived PLTs and recovering immature MKs and the precursor cells of PLTs by use of spinning-membrane filtration device	Schlinker et al[77], 2015
RCCS bioreactor	Shear force, simulated microgravity, and better diffusion of nutrients and oxygen from the RCCS	Yang et al[67], 2016
Innovative bioreactor	The bioreactor consisted of a membrane, and using flow through the membrane and shear across the membrane to drive the megakaryocytes to release PLTs	Avanzi et al[43], 2014
Microfluidic device	This device consists in a wide array of von Willebrand factor-coated micropillars, allowing them to remain trapped and subjected to hydrodynamic shear	Blin et al[75], 2016
Turbulent flow-based bioreactor	Stimulation with optimized shear stress and turbulent energy, collaborates with several growth factors for proplatelet formation	Ito et al[60], 2018

RCCS: Rotary cell culture system.