Effects of environmental stressors on stem cells

Table 6 Proposed under-researched opportunities for stem cell models on environmental exposures

Environmental toxicant	Health outcomes	Stem cell model	Environmental toxicant	Health outcomes	Stem cell model
Heavy metals
Pb	Decreased child cognition	Neural progenitor and SC-derived organoids	Cd	Kidney	Renal epithelial stem Nephron progenitor
Pb	Adult liver function	SC-derived organoids	Cd	Lung damage	Alveolar epithelial progenitor
As	Carcinogen: all tissues	Epigenetic analysis of different tissue SC populations	Cd	Lower bone strength	MSC
Hg	Cognitive function	Neural progenitor and SC-derived organoids
Endocrine disruptors
PAHs	Carcinogen: lung, skin	Epigenetic analysis of different tissue SC populations	Organotins	Liver	SC-derived organoids
OCs (Pesticides)	Cognition	Neural progenitor and SC-derived organoids		Kidney	Renal epithelial stem Nephron progenitor
BPA	Unclear		DDT	Carcinogen	Epigenetic analysis of different tissue SC populations
Dioxins	Carcinogen	Epigenetic analysis of different tissue SC populations	PCBs	Immune system	HSC derived populations
Phthalates	Carcinogen	Epigenetic analysis of different tissue SC populations	PCBs	Carcinogen	Epigenetic analysis of different tissue SC populations
	Cognition	Neural progenitor and SC-derived organoids	PCBs	Cognition	Neural progenitor and SC-derived organoids
Organotins	Carcinogen	Epigenetic analysis of different tissue SC populations	PFAS	Unclear
Organotins	CNS	Neural progenitor and SC-derived organoids
Other toxicants
Particulate matter	Unclear		VOCs	Unclear
Ozone	Constricted breathing	SC-derived smooth muscle

PAHs: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; OCs: Organophosphorus compounds; Pb: Lead; As: Arsenic; Cd: Cadmium; Hg: Mercury; BPA: Bisphenol A; DDT: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; DES: Diethylstilbestrol; PCBs: Polychlorinated biphenyls; PFAS: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; VOCs: Volatile organic compounds.