Effects of environmental stressors on stem cells

Table 4 Endocrine disruptors and their effects on stem cells

Environmental Toxicant	Type of stem cell	Model	In vivo/In vitro	Parameters1	Ref.	Environmental Toxicant	Type of stem cell	Model	In vivo/In vitro	Parameters1	Ref.
PAHs	Neural progenitor	R	In vitro	↑Proliferation, ↓Cell size	[23]	Dioxins	HSC	M	In vivo	↑Cell number, ↓Lymphocyte differentiation	[33]
PAHs	HSC	H	In vitro	↓Osteoblast differentiation, ↓Self-renewal	[24]	Dioxins	HSC	M	In vitro	↓Long-term self-renewal	[34]
PAHs	Spermatogonial stem	M	In vivo	↑Mutations	[25]	Phthalates	HSC	H	In vitro	↓Viability	[6]
PAHs	Adipose-derived MSC	C	In vitro	↓Adipocyte differentiation potential	[26]	Phthalates	Neural progenitor	M	In vitro	↓Viability, ↑ROS, ↑Apoptosis	[36]
PAHs	Skeletal muscle-derived progenitor	H	In vitro	↓Myogenic differentiation	[27]	Phthalates	ESC	M	In vitro	↓Viability	[37]
OCs	Neural progenitors derived from human embryonal carcinoma stem	H	In vitro	↓Viability	[28]	Organotins	Spermatogonial stem	H	In vitro	↑Apoptosis
Bisphenol A	Mammary epithelial stem	H	In vitro	↑Proliferation, ↑Sphere-forming capability	[30]	Organotins	Bone marrow MSC	M	In vitro	↑Adipogenesis, ↓Osteogenesis	[38]
Bisphenol A	Prostate epithelial stem	R	In vivo	↑Proliferation	[31]	Organotins	Bone marrow MSC	M	In vitro	↑Adipogenesis	[39]
Bisphenol A	Bone marrow MSC	H	In vitro	↑Cytotoxicity	[79]	DDT	Bone marrow MSC	H	In vitro	↑Proliferation, ↑Differentiation, ↓Morphological changes	[41]
Dioxins	Umbilical cord blood–derived iPSC	H	In vitro	↑Differentiation	[80]	DES	Spermatogonial stem	M	In vitro	↑DNA damage, ↑Apoptosis	[43]
Dioxins	Cord blood derived HSC	H	In vitro	↓Lymphopoiesis	[32,81]	PCBs	Liver epithelial stem-like	R	In vitro	↑Alterations in gene signaling	[46]
Dioxins	Bone marrow MSC	M	In vitro	↓Osteogenesis	[35]	PFAS	Spermatogonial stem	H	In vitro	↓Expression of spermatogonial markers	[48]

¹For detailed information on parameters, see text below. PAHs: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; OCs: Organophosphorus compounds; BPA: Bisphenol A; DDT: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; DES: Diethylstilbestrol; HSC: Hematopoietic stem cells; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cells; iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cells; ESC: Embryonic stem cells; PCBs: Polychlorinated biphenyls; PFAS: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; H: Human; R: Rat; C: Canine; M: Mouse; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.