Bone marrow microenvironment: The guardian of leukemia stem cells

Table 1 Possible molecules and their role in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells-bone marrow microenvironment interaction

Target	Source	Role	Ref.
G-CSF	CML LSC	Mobilization	[15]
CD26	CML LSC	Mobilization	[16]
β1-integrins	CML LSC	Homing	[19]
Selectins	CML LSC, endothelial cells	Homing	[20]
CD44	CML LSC	Homing	[20]
Chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, etc)	BMM, CML LSC	Growth of CML LSC	[15,25]
Cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα, etc)	BMM, CML LSC	Growth of CML LSC	[15,25]
BMP2/4	MSC, CML LSC	Drug resistance	[26]
FGF2	MSC	Drug resistance	[28]
PIGF	MSC	Proliferation, metabolism	[29]
miR-126	CML LSC, endothelial cells	Dormancy	[30]
HIF-1	CML LSC	Growth of CML LSC	[15]
Jagged-1	Osteoblast	Dormancy	[94]
Parathyroid hormone	BMM	CML LSC removal	[95]
WNT	BMM	Growth of CML LSC	[21]
N-cadherin	CML LSC	Drug resistance	[21]

CML LSC: chronic myeloid leukemia stem cell; BMM: bone marrow microenvironment; MSC: mesenchymal stromal cell; G-CSF: granulocyte-colony stimulating factor; MIP-1α: macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha; MIP-1β: macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta; IL-1α: Interleukin-1 alpha; IL-1β: Interleukin-1 beta; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha; BMP2/4: bone morphogenetic protein 2/4; FGF2: fibroblast growth factor 2; PIGF: placental growth factor; HIF-1: hypoxia-inducible factor1.