Effects of various antimicrobial agents on multi-directional differentiation potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Table 3 Effects of various antimicrobial agents on adipogenic differentiation

Agent		Ref.	Cell / animal	Effect	Concentration
Antibiotics	Isoniazid	[67]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	0.5-10 mmol/L
		[67]	Adipose stem cells	Inhibition	2 or 10 mmol/L
	Streptomycin	[68]	BMSCs	Inhibition	100 μg/mL
	Spiramycin	[69]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	2.5-20 μmol/L
	Salinomycin	[26]	BMSCs	No effect	10 μmol/L
	Geldanamycin	[70]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	0.001-1 μmol/L
Natural peptides	Lactoferrin	[71]	MC3T3-G2/PA6	Inhibition	10-100 μg/mL
		[72]	C1C12	Inhibition	0.1-10 μmol/L
		[73]	Subcutaneous preadipocytes	Promotion	10 μmol/L
Chinese traditional drug extracts	Cordycepin	[74]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	10-100 μg/mL
	Tanshinone IIA	[75]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	2.5-10 μmol/L
		[76]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	1-10 μmol/L
	Andrographolide	[77]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	1-5 μg/mL
	Baicalin	[78]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	200 μmol/L
		[79]	Atherosclerosis mice	Inhibition	50 or 100 mg/kg
	Oleuropein	[80]	BMSCs	Inhibition	10 μmol/L
		[81]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	0.1-100 μmol/L
	Piperlonguminine	[82]	3T3-L1	Promotion	3-30 μmol/L
	Hydroxytyrosol	[83]	BMSCs	Promotion	1 or 100 mmol
		[84]	Omental pre-adipocyte cells	Inhibition	30 μg/mL
	Shikonin	[85]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	0.5-2 μmol/L
	Ursolic acid	[86]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	2.5-10 μmol/L
	Alpinia officinarum	[87]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	150-400 μg/mL
	Dioscin	[88]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	1-4 μmol/L
	Methyl cinnamate	[89]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	12.5-100 μmol/L
	Tetrandrine	[90]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	2.5-10 μmol/L
	Honokiol	[91]	3T3-L1	No effect	1-10 μmol/L
	Licochalcone A	[92]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	5 or 10 μmol/L
Antifungal drugs	Trichostatin A	[51]	Periodontal ligament cells	No effect	400 nmol/L
		[93]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	500 nmol/L
Antiviral drugs	Efavirenz	[94]	Pre-adipocytes	Inhibition	0.5-4 μmol/L
		[104]	SGBS pre-adipocytes	Inhibition	0.1-5 μmol/L
	Zidovudine	[95]	3T3-F442A	Inhibition	6-50 μmol/L
		[99]	3T3-F442A	Inhibition	1-6 μmol/L
	Stavudine	[95]	3T3-F442A	Inhibition	3-75 μmol/L
	Lamivudine	[95]	3T3-F442A	Inhibition	8-200 μmol/L
	Nelfinavir	[98]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	20 μmol/L
	Efavirenz	[96]	Adipocyte precursor cells	Inhibition	4 μmol/L
		[97]	Adipocyte precursor cells	Inhibition	2 or 4 μmol/L
	Maraviroc	[96]	Adipocyte precursor cells	No effect	0.1-4 μmol/L
	Nevirapine	[97]	Adipocyte precursor cells	Promotion	2 or 4 μmol/L
	Darunavir	[100]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	0.1-25 μmol/L
	Raltegravir	[101]	3T3-F442A	Inhibition	1-50 μg/mL
	Indinavir	[102]	3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A	Inhibition	10 or 20 μmol/L
		[103]	3T3-F442A	Inhibition	1-50 μg/mL
	Elvitegravir	[104]	SGBS pre-adipocytes	Inhibition	0.1-5 μmol/L
Antimalarials	Amodiaquine	[105]	3T3-L1	Inhibition	0.1-10 μmol/L
	Quinine	[106]	Preadipocytes	Promotion	5-50 μmol/L
	Artemisinic Acid	[107]	Adipose-derived stem cells	Inhibition	50 or 200 μmol/L