Fexuprazan vs esomeprazole for endoscopic submucosal dissection-induced gastric ulcer healing: A double-blind randomized controlled trial

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the per-protocol population, n (%)/median (interquartile range)/mean ± SD

Variables	Fexuprazan 40 mg (n = 51)	Esomeprazole 40 mg (n = 56)	Mean difference	P value
Demographics
Age, years	65.69 ± 9.3	63.95 ± 9.8	1.74	0.3481
Sex				0.4602
Male	34 (66.7)	41 (73.2)	-6.55
Female	17 (33.3)	15 (26.8)	6.55
Body mass index, kg/m2	24.23 ± 3.4	25.06 ± 3.7	-0.83	0.2301
Smoking status				0.8863
Current	8 (15.7)	7 (12.5)	3.19
Ex-smoker	0 (0.0)	1 (1.8)	-1.79
Never	43 (84.3)	48 (85.7)	-1.40
Alcohol consumption				0.4682
Current	14 (27.5)	12 (21.4)	6.02
Never	37 (72.5)	44 (78.6)	-6.02
Helicobacter pylori infection				0.7092
Positive	20 (39.2)	20 (35.7)	3.50
Negative	31 (60.8)	36 (64.3)	-3.50
Comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus	9 (17.7)	11 (19.6)	-2.00	0.7912
Hypertension	22 (43.1)	31 (55.4)	-12.22	0.2072
Cardiovascular disease	1 (2.0)	4 (7.1)	-5.18	0.3662
Cerebrovascular disease	3 (5.9)	2 (3.6)	2.31	0.5722
Chronic kidney disease	0 (0.0)	2 (3.6)	-3.57	0.1732
Liver cirrhosis	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	N/A	N/A
Medications
Antihypertensive drug	20 (39.2)	29 (51.8)	-12.57	0.1922
Antidiabetic drug	9 (17.7)	11 (19.6)	-2.00	0.7912
Immunosuppressive agents	1 (2.0)	0 (0.0)	1.96	0.2922
Lesion characteristics
Basal mucosa
Atrophic gastritis	28 (54.9)	30 (53.6)	1.33	0.8902
Intestinal metaplasia	19 (37.3)	27 (48.2)	-10.96	0.2532
Longitudinal location				0.6162
Lower third (antrum/angle)	25 (49.0)	32 (57.1)	-8.12
Mid third (low body/mid body)	22 (43.1)	19 (33.9)	9.21
Upper third (upper body/cardia/fundus)	4 (7.8)	5 (8.9)	-1.09
Horizontal location				0.9642
Anterior wall	10 (19.6)	12 (21.4)	-1.82
Posterior wall	15 (29.4)	14 (25.0)	4.41
Greater curvature	9 (17.6)	10 (17.9)	-0.21
Lesser curvature	17 (33.3)	20 (35.7)	-2.38
Initial ulcer area, mm2	706.9 (451.6-962.1)	824.7 (490.9-1246.8)	N/A	0.1854
Histologic characteristics
Pathology				0.5932
Adenoma	30 (58.8)	29 (51.8)	7.04
Adenocarcinoma, differentiated	16 (31.4)	18 (32.1)	-0.77
Adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated	5 (9.8)	9 (16.1)	-6.27
Invasion depth				1.0002
Mucosa	49 (96.1)	53 (94.6)	1.44
Submucosa	2 (3.9)	3 (5.4)	-1.44
Curative resection among adenocarcinoma	21 (100)	27 (100)	0.00	1.0003
eCuraA	19 (90.5)	24 (88.9)	1.60
eCuraB	2 (9.5)	3 (11.1)	-1.60
eCuraC	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.00

¹Independent two sample t-test.

²χ² test.

³Fisher's exact test.

⁴Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

N/A: Not applicable.