Gastroduodenal arterioportal fistula: Two case reports and review of literature

Table 2 Literature review of arterioportal fistula involving the gastroduodenal artery

Case	Ref.	Age (years)	Gender	Etiology	Symptoms	Aneurysm/pseudoaneurysm (angiographic)	Therapy	Outcome
1	[15]	48	M	Partial gastrectomy, V	Pain	-	Excision	Good
2	[15]	52	F	Partial gastrectomy, V	Pain, hematochezia	Small aneurysm	Excision	Good
3	[15]	53	M	BI, V	-	-	Excision	Good
4	[15]	48	M	Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy	Hematemesis	Large aneurysm	Balloon + surgery	Death by exsanguination (postoperative)
5	[15]	61	F	Partial gastrectomy, BII	Diarrhea, pain, abdominal claudication	Small aneurysm	Excision	Good
6	[15]	54	M	Trauma (stab wound)	-	Large aneurysm	Spontaneous thrombosis	Good
7	[15]	62	M	Partial gastrectomy, BII	Hematemesis, melena	Venous ectasia	None, inoperable	Death by liver failure (5 months)
8	[15]	60	M	partial gastrectomy, BII	Pain	-	Excision	Good
9	[15]	36	M	Partial gastrectomy, BII	-	Small aneurysm	Coil embolization	Good
10	[15]	46	F	Gastrectomy	Pain, weight loss	-	Coil embolization	Good
11	[15]	48	M	“Congenital”	Hematemesis	-	Portocaval shunt	Good
12	[15]	53	F	Rupture of pancreatic pseudocyst	Pain, hematemesis	(40 mm, diameter of cyst)	Detachable balloon embolization	Death (20 days) by volvulus and perforation
13	[18]	44	M	Total gastrectomy	Acute variceal bleeding	Large aneurysm	Coil embolization	Good
14	[20]	45	M	Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparotomy	Hematemesis, pain, diarrhea, weight loss	-	Microspheres embolization	Good
15	[16]	70	M	Cholecystectomy	Pain, melena	Large aneurysm	Coil embolization	Improved after embolization; recurrent bleeding at 3 years; good after TIPS
16	[21]	39	F	Chronic pancreatitis	Pain, chills, anemia	Approximately 4.5 cm GDA pseudoaneurysm	Coil/NBCA embolization + portal vein stenting	Good
17	[22]	61	M	Chronic pancreatitis	Pain, fevers, anemia	Approximately 7 cm GDA pseudoaneurysm	Coil embolization	Good
18	Present study, case 1	27	F	-	-	Saccular aneurysm	Coil embolization + ethanol sclerotherapy	Good
19	Present study, case 2	38	M	-	Pain, hematemesis, melena, weight loss	-	Coil embolization failed; Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy	Good

M: Male; F: Female; GDA: Gastroduodenal artery; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.