Integrating immune-inflammatory and nutritional indicators into machine learning-driven risk stratification for colorectal cancer

Figure 6 Performance of the prognostic model in the external validation cohorts. A: Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) values at overall, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year time points across models in external validation cohort 1; B: Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves at 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year in cohort 1; C: Probability density function (PDF) plots of the gradient boosting survival analysis (GBSA) model for predicting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival probabilities in cohort 1; D: Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and continuous net reclassification improvement (cNRI) of the GBSA model compared with the Cox proportional hazards (CoxPH) model for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival prediction in external validation cohort 1; E: C-index values at overall, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year time points across models in external validation cohort 2; F: Time-dependent ROC curves at 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year in external validation cohort 2; G: PDF plots of the GBSA model for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival prediction in external validation cohort 2; H: IDI and cNRI of the GBSA model compared with the CoxPH model for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival prediction in external validation cohort 2. ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. AUC: Area under the curve; CI: Confidence interval; cNRI: Continuous net reclassification improvement; CoxPH: Cox proportional hazards; IDI: Integrated discrimination improvement; GBSA: Gradient boosting survival analysis; RSF: Random survival forest; SSVM: Survival support vector machine; XGBSE: EXtreme gradient boosting for survival embeddings.