Integrating immune-inflammatory and nutritional indicators into machine learning-driven risk stratification for colorectal cancer

Figure 5 Performance of the prognostic models in the training cohort. A: Harrell’s concordance index values at overall, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year time points across models; B: Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves at 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year across models; C: Probability density function plots of the gradient boosting survival analysis (GBSA) model for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival prediction; D: Integrated discrimination improvement and continuous net reclassification improvement of the GBSA model compared with the Cox proportional hazards model for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival prediction. ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. AUC: Area under the curve; CI: Confidence interval; cNRI: Continuous net reclassification improvement; CoxPH: Cox proportional hazards; GBSA: Gradient boosting survival analysis; IDI: Integrated discrimination improvement; RSF: Random survival forest; SSVM: Survival support vector machine; XGBSE: EXtreme gradient boosting for survival embeddings.