Identification of region-specific signaling modules governing Crohn’s pathogenesis via mass spectrometry-based integrative acetyl-proteomics

Figure 1 Experimental workflow and characterization of the colonic acetylome. A: Schematic workflow of the study, including colonic tissue segmentation, acetyl-proteomics analysis, 16S rRNA sequencing, and bioinformatic integration; B: Transmission electron microscopy of colonic epithelia. Left: Control group; right: Crohn’s disease (CD) model group. Scale bars: 5.0 μm (overview), 1.0 μm (detail); C: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of colonic sections. Left: Control group; right: CD model group. Scale bar: 50 μm; D: Functional classification of all identified acetylated proteins across Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. TNBS: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; P-colon: Proximal-colon; M-colon: Mid-colon; D-colon: Distal-colon; WB: Western blot; MS: Mass spectrometry; NGS: Next-generation sequencing; CD: Crohn’s disease; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; GO: Gene Ontology; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; PI3K/Akt: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B; HTLV: Human T-cell leukemia virus.