Mechanisms of Fuling Zexie decoction against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Integrative metabolomics, gut microbiota and serum pharmacochemistry

Figure 4 Effect of Fuling Zexie decoction on gut microbiota in rats with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. A: Chao1 index; B: Observed species index; C: Abundance-based coverage estimator index; D: Principal component analysis; E: Principal coordinate analysis; F: Species composition at the phylum level of intestinal flora in rats; G: Species composition at the genus level of intestinal flora in rats; H: Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio; I: Relative abundance of Unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae; J: Relative abundance of Candidatus Saccharimonas; K: Relative abundance of Turicibacter. ^aP < 0.05. All P values vs the model group. CON: Control group; MOD: Model group; FC: Fenofibrate capsules group; HFZD: High-dose Fuling Zexie decoction group; OTU: Operational taxonomic unit; PCA: Principal component analysis; PCoA: Principal coordinate analysis; PC: Principal component; F/B: Firmicutes/Bacteroidota.