Mechanisms of Fuling Zexie decoction against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Integrative metabolomics, gut microbiota and serum pharmacochemistry

Figure 2 Effect of Fuling Zexie decoction on high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in rats. A: Body weight; B: Body weight in last week; C: Average daily food intake; D: Oil red O stained sections (scale bar = 50 μm); E: Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections (scale bar = 50 μm); F-K: Total cholesterol (F), triglyceride (G), alanine aminotransferase (H), aspartate aminotransferase (I), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (J), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (K) levels in the serum; L-V: Total cholesterol (L), triglyceride (M), alanine aminotransferase (N), aspartate aminotransferase (O), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Q), superoxide dismutase (R), glutathione (S), tumor necrosis factor-α (T), interleukin (IL)-1β (U), IL-6 (V) levels in the liver, n = 6 in each group, and the results are expressed as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. All P values vs the model group. CON: Control group; MOD: Model group; FC: Fenofibrate capsules group; HFZD: High-dose Fuling Zexie decoction group; LFZD: Low-dose Fuling Zexie decoction group; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; GSH: Glutathione; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin.