Helicobacter pylori infection, dining habits, and cohabitation in health examination and household cohorts

Table 4 Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and demographic/behavioral factors in couples

Variable	Category	Model 1	P value	Model 2	P value	Model 3	P value
Annual household income (thousand yuan)	< 100	Ref		Ref
	100-300	0.94 (0.73-1.21)	0.636	0.88 (0.70-1.12)	0.308
	> 300	1.00 (0.58-1.72)	0.993	1.11 (0.66-1.87)	0.686
Household living area (m2)	< 60	Ref		Ref
	60-120	0.74 (0.44-1.26)	0.270	0.87 (0.54-1.40)	0.573
	> 120	0.69 (0.40-1.18)	0.176	0.79 (0.49-1.26)	0.322
Pets in household	No	Ref		Ref
	Yes	1.03 (0.76-1.40)	0.835	1.01 (0.74-1.36)	0.974
Living together time (year)	1-5	Ref		Ref
	6-10	0.73 (0.39-1.37)	0.324	0.73 (0.41-1.29)	0.280
	> 10	0.93 (0.62-1.40)	0.744	0.88 (0.61-1.28)	0.513
Sources of drinking water	Bottled water	Ref				Ref
	Purified water	0.49 (0.22-1.08)	0.081			0.45 (0.22-0.94)	0.037a
	Boiled tap water	0.79 (0.59-1.05)	0.110			0.78 (0.60-1.01)	0.061
	Well water	0.54 (0.28-1.03)	0.068			0.60 (0.33-1.11)	0.110
Dishwashing	In a basin	Ref				Ref
	Tap water	1.05 (0.67-1.63)	0.842			1.03 (0.70-1.52)	0.886
Tableware sterilization	No	Ref				Ref
	Yes	1.09 (0.85-1.39)	0.494			1.06 (0.84-1.32)	0.636
Individual dining	No	Ref				Ref
	Yes	1.16 (0.73-1.84)	0.532			1.06 (0.69-1.64)	0.784
Serving chopsticks	No	Ref				Ref
	Yes	0.94 (0.69-1.30)	0.722			0.99 (0.74-1.33)	0.938

^aP < 0.05.

Model 1 was adjusted for demographic and behavioral factors. Model 2 was adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Model 3 was adjusted for eating habits. Ref: Reference.