Helicobacter pylori infection, dining habits, and cohabitation in health examination and household cohorts

Table 3 Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and demographic/behavioral factors in the enrolled households

Variable	Category	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
		B (SE)	β	B (SE)	β	B (SE)	β
Family structure	Couple without children	Ref		Ref
	Couple with children	0.01 (0.32)	0.00	0.00 (0.31)	0.00
	Single-parent or one-parent-out-migrant family	0.17 (0.32)	0.06	0.15 (0.31)	0.05
	Sibling-only household	0.00 (0.20)	0.00	0.02 (0.20)	0.01
	Three-generation household	-0.39 (0.63)	-0.11	-0.36 (0.61)	-0.10
	Other	-0.21 (0.32)	-0.05	-0.23 (0.32)	-0.05
Family size (n)	-	0.55 (0.05)c	0.78	0.55 (0.05)c	0.77
Generations in household	-	-0.27 (0.28)	-0.16	-0.27 (0.28)	-0.16
Annual household income (thousand yuan)	< 100	Ref		Ref
	100-300	-0.14 (0.13)	-0.06	-0.12 (0.12)	-0.05
	> 300	-0.22 (0.21)	-0.06	-0.19 (0.20)	-0.05
Household living area (m2)	< 60	Ref		Ref
	60-120	-0.07 (0.23)	-0.03	-0.06 (0.22)	-0.03
	> 120	-0.11 (0.23)	-0.05	-0.10 (0.22)	-0.04
Pets in household	No	Ref		Ref
	Yes	-0.01 (0.17)	-0.00	0.01 (0.16)	0.00
Living together time (year)	< 1	Ref		Ref
	1-5	0.45 (0.27)	0.13	0.46 (0.27)	0.13
	6-10	0.55 (0.27)a	0.18	0.52 (0.27)	0.17
	> 10	0.54 (0.24)a	0.23	0.52 (0.23)a	0.22
Children	None	Ref		Ref
	Children under 5 years old	0.52 (0.25)a	0.13	0.51 (0.25)a	0.13
	Children aged 6-18	-0.37 (0.18)a	-0.12	-0.35 (0.17)a	-0.12
Sources of drinking water	Bottled water	Ref				Ref
	Purified water	-0.08 (0.33)	-0.01			0.03 (0.42)	0.00
	Tap water	-0.14 (0.15)	-0.05			-0.04 (0.19)	-0.01
	Well water	-0.60 (0.39)	-0.08			-0.23 (0.50)	-0.03
Dishwashing	In a basin	Ref				Ref
	Tap water	0.10 (0.16)	0.03			0.16 (0.19)	0.05
Tableware sterilization	No	Ref				Ref
	Yes	-0.03 (0.12)	-0.01			0.06 (0.15)	0.03
Individual dining	No	Ref				Ref
	Yes	0.06 (0.19)	0.02			0.08 (0.24)	0.02
Serving chopsticks	No	Ref				Ref
	Yes	-0.07 (0.15)	-0.03			-0.24 (0.18)	-0.09

^aP < 0.05.

^cP < 0.001.

Model 1 was adjusted for demographic and behavioral factors. Model 2 was adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Model 3 was adjusted for eating habits. Ref: Reference; B: Unstandardized regression coefficient; β: Standardized regression coefficient.