Research progress of plant-derived chemical compounds for overcoming pancreatic cancer drug resistance

Figure 2 In vitro models for drug resistance research in pancreatic cancer. Schematic overview of experimental models used in pancreatic cancer research. These include two-dimensional cell line models, three-dimensional models such as patient-derived organoids, and co-culture systems combining cancer cells with stromal or immune components. Each model provides distinct advantages for studying tumor biology, drug response, and tumor-microenvironment interactions.