Research progress of plant-derived chemical compounds for overcoming pancreatic cancer drug resistance

Table 6 Summary of plant-derived chemical compounds investigated for their ability to overcome drug resistance in pancreatic cancer

Names of compounds	The drug resistance mechanism or target	Experimental models	Regulated chemotherapy drugs
Curcumin	NF-κB	2D cell, PDX, xenografts models	GEM, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and 5-fluorouracil
Resveratrol	NF-κB, STAT3	Co-culture systems models	GEM
EGCG	Akt	2D cell, xenografts models	GEM
Quercetin	PI3K/AKT/mTOR	2D cell, xenografts models	GEM
Apigenin	GSK-3β/NF-κB	2D cell, xenografts models	GEM
β-elemene	P-gp	2D cell, xenografts models	Cisplatin, gefitinib, aldesleukin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin
Paclitaxel	Hedgehog	2D cell, xenografts models	GEM
Artemisinin	/	2D cell	GEM
Berberine	Rap1/PI3K-Akt	2D cell, co-culture systems models	Lovastatin
Vinblastine	βIVb-tubulin	CDO	Vincristine
Camptothecin	Topo-I	3D, PDX, xenografts models	GEM
Allicin	/	2D cell	5-fluorouracil
Sulforaphane	NF-κB	2D cell, xenografts models	GEM
Astragalus polysaccharides	AKT/ERK/MMP-9	2D cell, xenografts models	GEM, S-1
Lentinan	/	2D cell	GEM, S-1, PTX

NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; 2D: Two-dimensional; PDX: Patient-derived xenograft; GEM: Gemcitabine; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; EGCG: Epigallocatechin gallate; Akt: Protein kinase B; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; GSK-3β: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; P-gp: P-glycoprotein; CDO: Cell line-derived organoids; Topo-I: Topoisomerase I; ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; MMP-9: Matrix metalloproteinase-9; PTX: Paclitaxel.