Simultaneous treatment of concomitant achalasia coexisting with epiphrenic diverticulum: The practice of submucosal tunneling technique

Table 1 Clinical characteristics

Characteristics	ED + S (n = 21)	ED - S (n = 10)
Age (years)	50 (13-77)	46.4 (19-77)
Sex
Male	8 (38.1)	4 (40.0)
Female	13 (61.9)	6 (60.0)
BMI (kg/m2)	20.4 (15.6-26)	22.1 (16.9-27.8)
Ling classification
Ling IIIR	11 (52.4)	5 (50.0)
Ling IIIL	8 (38.1)	3 (30.0)
Ling IIILR	2 (9.5)	2 (20.0)
EMIA classification
A	7 (33.3)	4 (40.0)
B	9 (42.9)	4 (40.0)
C	3 (14.3)	1 (10.0)
D	2 (9.5)	1 (10.0)
SMF classification
A0	2 (9.5)	0
A1	9 (42.9)	2 (20.0)
A2	9 (42.9)	7 (70.0)
A3	1 (4.7)	1 (10.0)
Disease course (months)	109 (1-360)	208 (16-840)
Patients with prior treatment
Pneumatic balloon dilation	2 (9.5)	0
Botulinum toxin injection	2 (9.5)	1 (10.0)
Per-oral endoscopic myotomy	1 (4.7)	2 (20.0)
Heller myotomy	0	4 (40.0)
Chicago classification
Type I	3 (14.3)	7 (70.0)
Type II	14 (66.7)	3 (30.0)
Type III	1 (4.7)	0
Missing	3 (14.3)	0
IRP (mmHg)	30.9 (13-58.2); n = 9	26.4 (16.7-36.0); n = 2
24-hour esophageal pH monitoring
Pathological reflux	0	0
Acid fluid retention	3 (14.3)	1 (10.0)
Normal	9 (42.9)	9 (90.0)
Missing	9 (42.9)	0

Data are shown as median (range) or n (%). DE + S: Epiphrenic diverticulum with septum; DE - S: Epiphrenic diverticulum without septum; BMI: Body mass index; EMIA: Esophageal mucosa in achalasia classification; SMF: Submucosal fibrosis; IRP: Integrated relaxation pressure.