Lianhe Xiaozhi ointment ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha pathway activation

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the therapeutic efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms of Lianhe Xiaozhi ointment in high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry; LXO: Lianhe Xiaozhi ointment; HIF: Hypoxia inducible factor; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; ND: Normal diet; L-LXO: Low-dose Lianhe Xiaozhi ointment; H-LXO: High-dose Lianhe Xiaozhi ointment; IL: Interleukin; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; ECM: Extracellular matrix; HFD: High-fat diet; RT-PCR: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.