Evaluation of a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diet-induced mouse model in a comparative experimental study of portal hypertension

Figure 4 The 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diet induces abnormal proliferation of intrahepatic vascular structures and extrahepatic portosystemic shunting. A: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, cluster of differentiation 31, and vascular endothelial growth factor A in mouse livers; B-J: Statistical analysis of positive staining areas from IHC results; K-M: Hematoxylin-eosin staining of mesenteric tissues. Sample sizes (n): 8:8 (normal chow diet vs 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine), 8:7 (sham vs bile duct ligation), and 8:7:8 (oil vs 8-week carbon tetrachloride vs 12-week carbon tetrachloride). ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. NS: No significant; NCD: Normal chow diet; DDC: 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine; BDL: Bile duct ligation; CCl₄: Carbon tetrachloride; CD: Cluster of differentiation; VEGFR2: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A.