Evaluation of a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diet-induced mouse model in a comparative experimental study of portal hypertension

Figure 3 The 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diet mouse model (4 weeks) exhibited significant liver sinusoidal endothelial cell dysfunction. A: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of liver sinusoids in normal chow diet (NCD) and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet mouse models; B: Statistical analysis of fenestrae number and porosity; C: SEM of liver sinusoids in sham and bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse models; D: Statistical analysis of fenestrae number and porosity; E: SEM of liver sinusoids in oil, 8-week carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), and 12-week CCl₄ mouse models; F: Statistical analysis of fenestrae number and porosity; G and H: Protein expression and quantitative analysis of total endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS) in NCD and DDC diet mouse livers; I and J: Protein expression and quantitative analysis of total eNOS and p-eNOS in sham and BDL mouse livers; K-M: Protein expression and quantitative analysis of total eNOS and p-eNOS in oil, 8-week CCl₄, and 12-week CCl₄ mouse livers; N: Immunohistochemistry staining for lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LyVE-1), cluster of differentiation (CD) 34, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in livers of the three model groups; O-W: Quantitative analysis of positive staining areas for LyVE-1, CD34, and vWF. Sample sizes (n): 8:8 (normal chow diet vs 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine), 8:7 (sham vs bile duct ligation), and 8:7:8 (oil vs 8-week carbon tetrachloride vs 12-week carbon tetrachloride). ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. NS: No significant; NCD: Normal chow diet; DDC: 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine; BDL: Bile duct ligation; CCl₄: Carbon tetrachloride; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; p-eNOS: Phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; LyVE-1: Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1; vWF: Von Willebrand factor; CD: Cluster of differentiation.