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World Journal of Gastroenterology
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1007-9327
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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©Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 7, 2026; 32(9): 111199
Published online Mar 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i9.111199
Table 3 Experimental conditions and main findings in small animal liver ex vivo machine perfusion studies
Ref.
Animal
WI time before MP
Length of SCS before MP
MP type and length of MP
Kim et al[14]RatsNA0 hourHMP: 48 hours
Dutkowski et al[15]Rats11.4 minutes 0.8 minutes or 4.2 minutes 0.4 minutesNAHMP: 10 hours
Compagnon et al[67]Rats< 20 secondsNAHMP: 24 hours or 48 hours; NMP: 2 hours
Lauschke et al[16]Rats60 minutesNAHMP: 24 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 45 minutes
Lee et al[90]Rats30 minutesNAHMP: 5 hours
Tan et al[91]RatsNA30 minutesHMP: 36 hours
Xu et al[92]RatsNA0 hour (before HMP) or 24 hours (before NMP)HMP: 24 hours; NMP: 1 hour
Bessems et al[17]RatsNANAHMP: 24 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 1 hour
Dutkowski et al[18]RatsNA10 hoursHOPE: 3 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 40 minutes
Tolboom et al[19]RatsNA0 hourNMP: 6 hours
Vairetti et al[20]RatsNANA4 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, or 37 °C MP: 6 hours, NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Manekeller et al[21]Rats30 minutesNAHMP: 18 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Stegemann et al[22]Rats30 minutesNAHMP: 18 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Ferrigno et al[23]RatsNANAHMP or SNMP: 6 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Lüer et al[24]RatsNANAHMP: 18 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Olschewski et al[25]Rats60 minutesNAHMP or SNMP: 6 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 6 hours
Minor et al[26]Rats30 minutesNAHMP: 18 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Tolboom et al[27]Rats1 hourNASNMP: 5 hours; NMP: 5 hours
Giannone et al[28]RatsNANANormobaric or hyperbaric HMP: 24 hours
Perk et al[29]Rats60 minutes or 90 minutesNANMP: 6 hours
Schlegel et al[30]Rats30 minutes4 hoursHMP: 1 hour
Bruinsma et al[88]RatsNA0 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 120 hoursSNMP: 3 hours
Liu et al[31]RatsNANASNMP: 6 hours
Carnevale et al[93]Rats45 minutesNAHMP: 24 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 1.5 hours
Schlegel et al[32]RatsNA30 minutesHMP or HNP: 1 hour
Schlegel et al[33]Rats30 minutes or 60 minutesNMP: 0 minute or 15 minutes; HOPE: 4 hoursNMP: 4 hours; HOPE: 1 hour
Bae et al[34]Rats30-40 minutesNAHMP: 8 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 90 minutes
Niu et al[68]Rats60 minutes5 hoursNMP: 2 hours
Tarantola et al[35]RatsNA6 hoursSNMP, NMP (reperfusion): 6 hours
Bruinsma et al[36]RatsNANALoading SNMP: 80 minutes; supercooling: 3-4 days; recovery SNMP: 5 hours
Ferrigno et al[37]RatsNANA10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C or 37 °C MP: 6 hours
Jia et al[38]RatsNA0 hour or 6 hoursHMP: 6 hours or 0 hour
Westerkamp et al[94]Rats30 minutes6 hoursHMP or SNMP or rewarming MP: 1 hour; NMP: 2 hours
Carbonell et al[95]RatsNANANMP: 15 minutes to stabilize (all groups); SNMP or NMP: 30 minutes
Op den Dries et al[75]Rats0 minute or 30 minutes0 hour or 3 hoursNMP: 3 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Okamura et al[39]RatsNANASNMP: 4 hours; NMP: 2 hours
Berardo et al[40]RatsNA6 hoursSNMP: 6 hours; NMP: 2 hours
Chai et al[89]RatsNANAHMP: 2 hours or 12 hours
Zeng et al[41]Rats30 minutesNAHMP: 3 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Beal et al[42]RatsNANANMP: 4 hours
Tabka et al[69]RatsNANASNMP: 6 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Xue et al[43]Rats30 minutesNAHMP: 3 hours; NMP: 1 hour
He et al[78]RatsNANAHMP: 3 hours or 6 hours
Gassner et al[70]Rats30 minutesNANMP: 6 hours
Zeng et al[79]Mice30 minutes4 hoursHOPE or HNPE: 1 hour; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Jia et al[80]RatsNANAHMP: 6 hours
Oldani et al[44]Rats1 hour30 minutesHOPE or NMP: 2 hours
Chin et al[45]RatNANANMP: 6 hours
Gillooly et al[46]Rats25 minutesNAHMP, NMP: 4 hours
Martins et al[47]RatsNA12 hoursNMP: 1 hour
Scheuermann et al[48]RatsNA0 hourSNMP or NMP: 4 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Claussen et al[71]Rats< 15 minutes< 60 minutesNMP: 6 hours
Haque et al[49]RatsNANANMP: 24 hours
Schlegel et al[50]Rats30 minutes4 hoursNMP or HOPE: 1 hour
Nösser et al[51]RatsNA81.71 minutes ± 28.44 minutesSNMP or NMP: 6 hours or 12 hours
Yamada et al[96]Rats30 minutes6 hoursSNMP or NMP: 30 minutes, 60 minutes or 90 minutes
Hu et al[52]Rats30 minutesNAHMP: 1 hour, 3 hours, 4 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours; NMP: 2 hours
Von Horn and Minor[53]Rats20 minutes18 hoursNMP: 2 hours
Raigani et al[54]RatsNA< 10 minutesNMP: 6 hours
Yang et al[55]Rats30 minutesNANMP: 8 hours
Westerkamp et al[76]RatsNA4 hoursNMP: 3 hours
De Vries et al[86]Rats0 h0 hour or 24 hours or 72 hoursSNMP: 3 hours
Liu et al[85]Rats0 minute, 10 minutes or 30 minutesNAHMP or NMP: 4 hours
Lin et al[56]RatsNA1 hourHMP: 3 hours
Rigo et al[57]Rats3.10 minutes (0.35) mean (SEM)NANMP: 4 hours
Xu et al[97]RatsNANANMP: 4 hours
Carlson et al[58]RatsNA< 5 minutesNMP: 4 hours
Zhou et al[81]Rats30 minutes23 hoursHOPE: 1 hour; NMP: 1 hour
Cao et al[59]Rats30 minutesNANMP: 4 hours
De Stefano et al[60]Rats60 minutesNo or 34 minutes ± 7 minutesNMP: 6 hours
Sun et al[61]Rats30 minutesNANMP: 6 hours
Jennings et al[62]RatsNA< 5 minutesNMP: 4 hours
Wang et al[72]Mice10 minutes11 hoursHOPE: 1 hour; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Asong-Fontem et al[73]RatsNA24 hoursHOPE: 2 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Shi et al[77]Rats30 minutes8 hoursNMP: 2 hours
Von Horn et al[63]Rats20 minutes17 hours or 18 hoursHMP: 1 hour; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Zhou et al[82]Rats30 minutes0 hour or 23 hoursHOPE: 1 hour; NMP: 1 hour
Luo et al[83]Rats30 minutes3 hours or 4 hoursHMP or HOPE: 1 hour; NMP: 2 hours
Ohara et al[64]Rats60 minutesNANMP: 4 hours
Chen et al[65]MiceNANANMP: 12 hours
Fukai et al[74]Rats30 minutesNAHMP: 3 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 90 minutes
Hughes et al[84]Rats30 minutesDuring MP primingNMP: 4 hours
Bai et al[98]Rats30 minutes8 hoursNMP: 2 hours
Von Horn et al[66]Rats20 minutes18 hoursRewarming MP: 2 hours; NMP: 1 hour
Li et al[87]RatsNANANMP: 3 hours
WI: Warm ischemia; SCS: Static cold storage; MP: Machine perfusion; HMP: Hypothermic machine perfusion; HOPE: Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion; NMP: Normothermic machine perfusion; NA: Not written or not applicable in the main article; HNPE: Hypothermic deoxygenated (nitrogenated) perfusion; SNMP: Subnormothermic machine perfusion.
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