Xing-Pi-Qing-Gan decoction alleviates alcoholic liver disease by down-regulating DDIT3 and restoring Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling: Multi-omics and experimental evidence

Figure 10  By regulating oxidative stress Xing-Pi-Qing-Gan decoction alleviated hepatic injury in alcoholic liver disease mice. A: Hepatic parameters including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride and alkaline phosphatase (n = 6-8); B-D: Oxidative stress levels include liver glutathione, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase in each group (n = 6-8); E: Pathomorphological changes in liver evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (40 ×), Oil Red O staining (40 ×), immunohistochemistry staining of MPO (40 ×) and transmission electron microscopy analysis (25000 ×) in liver tissues of mice (n = 3); F: Relative mRNA levels of lipid metabolism, including SREBP1-c, ACC, FASN (n = 6-8); G: Relative mRNA levels of inflammation (n = 6-8); H: Effects of N-acetylcysteine and Xing-Pi-Qing-Gan decoction on the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 (n = 3-5); I: Relative mRNA levels and protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, DDIT3 (n = 3-5). ^aP < 0.05 vs the control group; ^bP < 0.01 vs the control group; ^cP < 0.05 vs the ethanol-fed group; ^dP < 0.01 vs the ethanol-fed group. AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; TG: Triglyceride; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; GSH: Glutathione; MDA: Malondialdehyde; Ctr: Control; EtOH: Ethanol-fed; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; XPQG: Xing-Pi-Qing-Gan decoction.