Progression after endoscopic treatment for type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors: A single-center retrospective study

Table 1 Baseline of endoscopy therapy group and endoscopy therapy with somatostatin analogs adjuvant therapy, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 128)	Endoscopy group (n = 76)	Endoscopy + SSAs group (n = 52)	Statistic	P value	SMD
Sex				χ2 = 0.10	0.748
Male	52 (40.62)	30 (39.47)	22 (42.31)			0.057
Female	76 (59.38)	46 (60.53)	30 (57.69)			-0.057
Age				χ2 = 1.19	0.276
< 60	97 (75.78)	55 (72.37)	42 (80.77)			0.213
≥ 60	31 (24.22)	21 (27.63)	10 (19.23)			-0.213
BMI, median (Q1, Q3)	23.94 (21.48, 26.42)	23.86 (21.48, 26.35)	23.94 (21.50, 27.47)	Z = -0.151	0.880	0.120
Lesion				χ2 = 0.69	0.406
< 6	96 (75.00)	59 (77.63)	37 (71.15)			-0.143
≥ 6	32 (25.00)	17 (22.37)	15 (28.85)			0.143
Max-diameter				χ2 = 6.68	0.010
< 10 mm	90 (70.31)	60 (78.95)	30 (57.69)			-0.430
≥ 10 mm	38 (29.69)	16 (21.05)	22 (42.31)			0.430
Bleed				χ2 = 0.02	0.897
No	124 (96.88)	73 (96.05)	51 (98.08)			0.147
Yes	4 (3.12)	3 (3.95)	1 (1.92)			-0.147
Perforation				χ2 = 0.11	0.738
No	125 (97.66)	75 (98.68)	50 (96.15)			-0.132
Yes	3 (2.34)	1 (1.32)	2 (3.85)			0.132
Pathology				χ2 = 4.76	0.029
G1	105 (82.03)	67 (88.16)	38 (73.08)			-0.340
G2	23 (17.97)	9 (11.84)	14 (26.92)			0.340
Horizontal margin				χ2 = 1.70	0.192
Negative	117 (91.41)	72 (94.74)	45 (86.54)			-0.240
Positive	11 (8.59)	4 (5.26)	7 (13.46)			0.240
Vertical margin				χ2 = 2.32	0.127
Negative	125 (97.66)	76 (100.00)	49 (94.23)			-0.247
Positive	3 (2.34)	0 (0.00)	3 (5.77)			0.247
Lymphovascular invasion				χ2 = 0.86	0.353
Negative	120 (93.75)	73 (96.05)	47 (90.38)			-0.192
Positive	8 (6.25)	3 (3.95)	5 (9.62)			0.192
Perineural invasion				-2	1.000
Negative	127 (99.22)	75 (98.68)	52 (100.00)			0.150
Positive	1 (0.78)	1 (1.32)	0 (0.00)			-0.150
Invasion depth				χ2 = 0.11	0.737
M	49 (38.28)	30 (39.47)	19 (36.54)			-0.061
SM	79 (61.72)	46 (60.53)	33 (63.46)			0.061
NLR				χ2 = 0.01	0.928
< 2	72 (56.25)	43 (56.58)	29 (55.77)			-0.016
≥ 2	56 (43.75)	33 (43.42)	23 (44.23)			0.016
Progression				χ2 = 11.15	< 0.001
No	87 (67.97)	43 (56.58)	44 (84.62)			0.777
Yes	41 (32.03)	33 (43.42)	8 (15.38)			-0.777
Follow-up time, median (Q1, Q3)	25.50 (14.00, 58.50)	31.00 (13.50, 64.25)	24.50 (18.25, 51.50)	Z = -0.741	0.461	-0.491

¹Mann-Whitney test.

²Fisher exact.

Q₁: 1^st quartile; Q₃: 3^rd quartile; SSAs: Somatostatin analogs; BMI: Body mass index; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.