Wogonin derivative V8 enhances bortezomib efficacy in gastric carcinoma by disrupting lysosome-mediated drug resistance

Figure 1 Effect of bortezomib on apoptosis and autophagy in MGC-803 gastric cancer cells. A: Structure of bortezomib (BTZ); B and C: MGC-803 cells were treated with different concentration of BTZ for 24 hours, followed by flow cytometry for cell death. Representative images (B) and quantification data (C) are shown; D: MGC-803 cells were treated with BTZ (100 nM). The cell lysates were subjected to western blotting using antibody against p62 and light chain 3 (LC3), and β-actin as loading control; E: MGC-803 cells were transfected using lentivirus containing mCherry- green fluorescent protein-LC3, and treated with BTZ (100 nM) for 24 hours. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed for evaluating autophagosome (scale bar: 20 μm); F-I: MGC-803 cells were treated with BTZ (100 nM) with or without 3-methyladenine (5 mmol/L), and chloroquine (40 μM) for 24 hours, followed by cell death detection. ^aP < 0.05. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. BTZ: Bortezomib; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; V-FITC: Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate; PI: Propidium iodide; LC3: Light chain 3; NS: No significance; GFP: Green fluorescent protein; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; CQ: Chloroquine.