Lactate metabolism-driven tumor heterogeneity and molecular signatures in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Figure 6 Multi-algorithm identification of lactate metabolism-related feature genes. A: Importance of signature genes evaluated in random forest; B: Importance of signature genes generated from gradient boosting machine; C: Optimal lambda tuning and cross-validation in least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; D: Importance of signature genes generated from decision tree; E: Candidate optimal signature genes obtained in adaptive best subset selection; F: Intersection diagram summarizing overlapping genes across the five algorithms, identifying 12 shared lactate metabolism-associated genes. GBM: Gradient boosting machine; DT: Decision tree; ABESS: Adaptive best subset selection; LASSO: Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator.