Twenty-year temporal trends, risk profiles, and prognostic value of clinicopathological features in gallbladder cancer following cholecystectomy

Table 2 Changes in clinical characteristics of gallbladder cancer patients based on time period (n = 285), n (%)

Clinical factors	Years				P value
	2004-2008 (n = 38)	2009-2013 (n = 63)	2014-2018 (n = 75)	2019-2023 (n = 109)
Sex ratio (male/female)	0.90	1.25	0.97	1.14	0.820
Age (years)	67.05	69.11	68.68	70.10	0.397
BMI (kg/m2)	24.47	23.61	24.36	25.75	0.511
AST (IU/L)	34.13	31.38	34.92	32.70	0.909
ALT (U/L)	31.47	28.90	37.44	34.72	0.710
ALP (U/L)	91.26	102.53	98.48	94.90	0.786
γ-GT (IU/L)	83.07	94.05	135.03	112.30	0.719
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	170.03	163.90	167.95	161.29	0.675
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	131.97	134.25	130.65	110.94	0.310
BUN (mg/dL)	13.47	15.65	14.39	15.61	0.246
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.94	0.80	0.79	0.90	0.480
Total protein (g/dL)	6.80	6.88	6.76	6.66	0.794
Albumin (g/dL)	3.96	3.98	3.79	3.92	0.132
Amylase (U/L)	67.21	54.51	53.85	47.51	0.556
HTN	22 (57.90)	26 (41.30)	34 (45.30)	61 (56.00)	0.167
DM	5 (13.20)	11 (17.50)	18 (24.00)	30 (27.50)	0.212
Gallstone	13 (34.20)	21 (25.30)	19 (25.30)	30 (27.50)	0.643
Cholangitis	4 (10.50)	16 (25.40)	19 (25.30)	32 (29.40)	0.147
Stage I & II	26 (68.4)	34 (54.0)	51 (68.0)	76 (69.7)	0.177
Stage III & IV	12 (31.6)	29 (46.0)	24 (32.0)	33 (30.3)
5-year survival rate (%)	52.6	51.6	52.0	Not applicable	0.876

BMI: Body mass index; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; γ-GT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; HTN: Hypertension; DM: Diabetes mellitus.