Effects of bariatric surgery on obesity associated gastroesophageal reflux disease: Insights from a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Table 1 Basic information of included studies

Ref.	Country	Comparison (n)	Follow-up	Outcome
Delko et al[12], 2024	Switzerland	RYGB (40) vs OAGB (40)	12 months	%EWL, GERD remission, GERD onset, complication
Eskandaros et al[13], 2021	Egypt	RYGB (40) vs OAGB (40)	12 months	BMI reduction, %EWL, change in PPI usage
Ospanov et al[14], 2024	Kazakhstan	OAGB (50) vs OAGB + antiflux (100)	24 months	BMI reduction, complication
Biter et al[15], 2017	United States and Netherland	RYGB (71) vs SG (74)	12 months	BMI reduction, %EWL, GERD onset, complication
Kermansaravi et al[16], 2024	Iran and Spain	OAGB (49) vs OAGB + antiflux (49)	12 months	GERD remission, GERD onset
Lee et al[17], 2025	New Zealand	RYGB (22) vs SG (21)	90 months	Change in PPI usage
Level et al[18], 2021	Venezuela	RYGB (19) vs OAGB (9)	60 months	BMI reduction, %EWL, GERD remission1
Musella et al[19], 2021	Italy	OAGB (28) vs SG (30)	12 months	BMI reduction, change in esophagitis
Olmi et al[20], 2022	Italy	SG (140) vs SG + antiflux (138)	12 months	BMI reduction, GERD onset, change in PPI usage, change in esophagitis, complication
Salman et al[21], 2023	Egypt	RYGB (31) vs OAGB (31)	6 months	BMI reduction, %EWL, GERD onset, change in PPI usage
Shivakumar et al[22], 2018	India	OAGB (101) vs SG (100)	36 months	%EWL, GERD onset, complication
Snyder et al[23], 2016	United States	SG (36) vs SG + antiflux (41)	12 months	BMI reduction, %EWL, GERD onset
Robert et al[24], 2024	France	RYGB (118) vs OAGB (114)	60 months	%EWL, GERD onset, change in PPI usage, complication
Wågen Hauge et al[25], 2025	Norway	RYGB (54) vs SG (55)	60 months	BMI reduction, change in PPI usage, change in esophagitis, complication
Salminen et al[26], 2022	Finland	RYGB (119) vs SG (121)	120 months	%EWL, GERD remission, GERD onset, change in PPI usage, complication
Kraljevic et al[27], 2025	Switzerland	RYGB (73) vs SG (69)	120 months	BMI reduction, GERD remission, GERD onset, complication

¹Although initially included, this study was later discovered with only one patient with preoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease and therefore did not contribute to the gastroesophageal reflux disease remission analysis.

BMI: Body mass index; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; OAGB: One-anastomosis gastric bypass; RYGB: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; SG: Sleeve gastrectomy; %EWL: Percent excess weight loss.