Synergistic antitumor effect of oroxylin A and donafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma through tumor protein p53 signaling pathway activation

Figure 1 Synergistic antitumor effect of oroxylin A and donafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. A: Schematic illustration of the in vivo experimental procedures in a rodent model; B: Representative photographs showing the general status of mice in each group; C-F: In vivo fluorescence images of tumors in female (C) and male (E) mice at 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days post-treatment, enabling non-invasive, longitudinal, and sex-specific monitoring of tumor progression. Tumor volume and weight were measured in female (D) and male (F) mice after surgical resection at the endpoint (day 21); G-J: Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (G), aspartate aminotransferase (H), blood urea nitrogen (I) and creatinine (J) were quantified every 7 days following treatment with oroxylin A and/or donafenib. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, ^dP < 0.0001. PC: Placebo control; OA: Oroxylin A; DF: Donafenib; OA + DF: Oroxylin A + donafenib; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cr: Creatinine.