Endoscopic rubber band ligation, injection sclerotherapy, and sclerobanding for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Gastroenterol. Feb 7, 2026; 32(5): 116007
Published online Feb 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i5.116007

Table 1 Preoperative characteristics, mean ± SD/n (%)

Subgroup	Gender (female/male)	Age (years)	Disease duration [months, median (Q1, Q3)]	BMI (kg/m²)	Hemorrhoid grade
Subgroup	Gender (female/male)	Age (years)	Disease duration [months, median (Q1, Q3)]	BMI (kg/m²)	Grade I	Grade II	Grade III
ERBL	26/44	49.00 ± 11.59	30.00 (6.00, 61.50)	24.46 ± 3.24	22 (31.43)	22 (31.43)	26 (37.14)
IS	19/47	49.94 ± 12.74	36.00 (11.25, 120.00)	23.59 ± 2.54	25 (37.88)	22 (33.33)	19 (28.79)
ESB	30/35	50.59 ± 12.60	48.00 (12.00, 120.00)	24.49 ± 3.02	14 (21.54)	21 (32.31)	30 (46.15)
Total	75/126	49.94 ± 12.27	36.00 (12.00, 120.00)	24.19 ± 2.97	61 (30.35)	65 (32.34)	75 (37.31)
Statistic	χ² = 4.224	F = 0.425	H = 4.140	F = 1.996	H = 5.527
P value	0.121	0.655	0.126	0.139	0.063

ERBL: Endoscopic rubber band ligation; IS: Injection sclerotherapy; ESB: Endoscopic polidocanol sclerobanding; BMI: Body mass index.

Citation: Zu N, Jing X, Zhou XY, Ma BB, Wang SJ, Qi XS, Liu LB. Endoscopic rubber band ligation, injection sclerotherapy, and sclerobanding for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(5): 116007
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i5/116007.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i5.116007

Zu N, Jing X, Zhou XY, Ma BB, Wang SJ, Qi XS, Liu LB. Endoscopic rubber band ligation, injection sclerotherapy, and sclerobanding for the treatment of internal hemorrhoids. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(5): 116007 [PMID: 41693967 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i5.116007]

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