Correlation between sarcopenia and esophageal stenosis following endoscopic submucosal dissection and construction of a postoperative stenosis risk model

Figure 4 Assessment of covariate balance via standardized mean differences. The plot compares the standardized mean differences (SMDs) of the baseline variables before and after propensity score matching (caliper = 0.2). The results demonstrate that matching effectively improved the balance between the patient groups, as most post-matching SMDs fell below the 01 threshold. SMD: Standardized mean difference; BMI: Body mass index; CONUT: Controlling Nutritional Status score; PNI: Prognostic Nutritional Index; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; WBC: White blood cell count; HGB: Hemoglobin concentration; ALB: Serum albumin concentration.