Correlation between sarcopenia and esophageal stenosis following endoscopic submucosal dissection and construction of a postoperative stenosis risk model

Table 1 Patient characteristics, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Characteristics	Non-sarcopenia (n = 358)	Sarcopenia (n = 141)	P value
Age, years	66.0 (61.0, 70.8)	69.0 (64.0, 74.0)	< 0.001
Male	286 (79.89)	71 (50.35)	< 0.001
Height, cm	168.0 (160.0, 170.00)	165.0 (160.0, 170.0)	0.024
Weight, kg	65.0 (58.0, 73.0)	56.0 (51.0, 63.0)	< 0.001
BMI, kg/m2	23.7 (21.9, 25.8)	20.9 (19.4, 22.7)	< 0.001
Chronic conditions
Hypertension	131 (36.59)	42 (29.79)	0.15
Type 2 diabetes	25 (6.98)	9 (6.38)	0.811
Smoking history	84 (23.46)	25 (17.73)	0.163
Drinking history	62 (17.32)	16 (11.35)	0.098
Surgical history	36 (10.06)	18 (12.77)	0.380
Hospitalization duration	9.0 (7.0, 11.0)	9.0 (8.0, 12.0)	0.009
Procedure time			0.026
< 120 minutes	300 (83.8)	106 (75.2)
≥ 120 minutes	58 (16.2)	35 (24.8)
Prevention of stenosis
Intraoperative	18 (5.03)	17 (12.06)	0.006
Postoperative	39 (10.89)	13 (9.22)	0.582
Wound management	314 (87.71)	122 (86.52)	0.720
Malnutrition
CONUT ≥ 2	131 (36.59)	64 (45.39)	0.07
PNI < 50	188 (52.51)	85 (60.28)	0.116
WBC	5.34 (4.46, 6.40)	5.31 (4.56, 6.62)	0.395
HGB, g/L	139.0 (129.3, 149.0)	131.0 (120.0, 141.0)	< 0.001
NLR	2.38 (1.80, 3.35)	2.68 (1.93, 3.92)	0.038
ALB, mean ± SD	42.48 ± 4.11	41.57 ± 4.06	0.026
L3-SMI	48.85 (44.62, 52.69)	36.85 (33.30, 38.99)	< 0.001
SMA	135.1 (122.32, 150.52)	95.40 (87.22, 110.10)	< 0.001
VATA	115.55 (54.31, 162.12)	67.72 (29.63, 116.60)	< 0.001
IMAT	5.04 (2.83, 8.11)	5.07 (3.04, 9.24)	0.416
SATA	108.60 (71.91, 137.90)	95.22 (59.85, 134.00)	0.027
Visceral obesity	205 (57.26)	48 (34.04)	< 0.001

Intraoperative: Intraoperative hormone use for stenosis prevention; Postoperative: Postoperative oral hormone use for stenosis prevention; BMI: Body mass index; CONUT: Controlling Nutritional Status score; PNI: Prognostic Nutritional Index; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; WBC: White blood cell count; HGB: Hemoglobin concentration; ALB: Serum albumin concentration; L3-SMI: Third lumbar vertebra skeletal muscle index; SMA: Skeletal muscle area; VATA: Visceral adipose tissue area; IMAT: Intermuscular adipose tissue; SATA: Subcutaneous adipose tissue area.