Establishment of a Sprague-Dawley rat model of hepatolithiasis based on common bile duct catheterization

Figure 6 Hematoxylin and eosin staining of hepatobiliary tissue. A: Portal tract at 10 × magnification, showing intact hepatic lobule architecture with minimal lymphocytes in the portal tract, no periportal extension, and no fibrosis (control group); B: Portal tract at 20 × magnification, showing the inset region from A with normal portal structures, sparse inflammatory cells, and no collagen deposition (fibrosis score S0, inflammation score G0-G1; control group); C: Portal tract at 10 × magnification, showing a markedly expanded portal tract with dense inflammatory infiltrate, prominent bile duct reaction, and periportal inflammation; the inset highlights the area shown in D (experimental group; LPS-treated); D: Portal tract at 20 × magnification, showing dense inflammatory cell infiltration, bile duct proliferation, and periductal collagen fiber deposition indicating portal-periportal fibrosis (inflammation score G1-G2, fibrosis score S1; experimental group; LPS-treated). LPS: Lipopolysaccharide.