Establishment of a Sprague-Dawley rat model of hepatolithiasis based on common bile duct catheterization

Figure 4 Microscopic bile smears. A-D: Experimental group (LPS-treated) bile sediment smears at increasing magnifications, showing clearly visible yellow stone-like crystal aggregates with increasing detail at higher magnification; E-H: Control group bile smears after centrifugation at magnifications of 4 ×, 10 ×, 20 ×, and 40 ×, respectively, showing no crystals; I-L: Smears of ground clinical hepatolithiasis stone specimens at the same magnifications, showing yellow crystal morphology essentially consistent with that of the LPS group. LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; NC: Negative control.