Textbook outcome as a predictor of long-term prognosis in ampullary cancer: A retrospective cohort study

doi:10.3748/wjg.122776

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Dec 28, 2026; 32(48): 122776
Published online Dec 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.122776

Table 3 Characteristics of patients before and after propensity score matching, n (%)/median (interquartile range)

Characteristics	Before PSM (n = 347)				After PSM (n = 222)
Characteristics	Open (n = 178)	Laparoscopic (n = 169)	P value	SMD	Open (n = 111)	Laparoscopic (n = 111)	P value	SMD
Sex			0.068	0.21			0.494	0.10
Female	88 (49)	101 (60)			57 (51)	63 (57)
Male	90 (51)	68 (40)			54 (49)	48 (43)
Age (years)	58 (51, 64)	59 (51, 65)	0.686	0.03	56 (49, 63)	57 (51, 64)	0.714	0.05
BMI (kg/m²)	21.70 (20.38, 23.11)	21.71 (19.51, 23.28)	0.469	0.10	21.70 (20.26, 22.80)	21.15 (19.31, 23.16)	0.667	0.08
Previous abdominal surgery			0.997	0.00			0.783	0.06
No	120 (67)	114 (67)			76 (68)	73 (66)
Yes	58 (33)	55 (33)			35 (32)	38 (34)
Tumor differentiation			0.592	0.07			0.970	0.00
Well	116 (65)	116 (69)			74 (67)	78 (70)
Poor	62 (35)	53 (31)			37 (33)	33 (30)
T-stage			0.241	0.26			1.000	0.00
T1	15 (8.4)	22 (13)			14 (13)	14 (13)
T2	71 (40)	51 (30)			48 (43)	48 (43)
T3a	39 (22)	48 (28)			24 (22)	24 (22)
T3b	48 (27)	42 (25)			22 (20)	22 (20)
T4	5 (2.8)	6 (3.6)			3 (2.7)	3 (2.7)
N-stage			< 0.001^a	0.55			0.917	0.07
N0	87 (49)	122 (72)			72 (65)	72 (65)
N1	75 (42)	31 (18)			31 (28)	29 (26)
N2	16 (9.0)	16 (9.5)			8 (7.2)	10 (9.0)
TNM-stage			< 0.001^a	0.72			0.978	0.05
IA+IB	65 (37)	59 (35)			48 (43)	49 (44)
IIA	20 (11)	39 (23)			20 (18)	20 (18)
IIB	2 (1.1)	21 (12)			2 (1.8)	2 (1.8)
IIIA	73 (41)	30 (18)			30 (27)	28 (25)
IIIB	18 (10)	20 (12)			11 (9.9)	12 (11)
Preoperative raised serum CA19-9			0.656	0.05			0.990	0.02
≤ 37 U/mL	73 (41)	65 (38)			43 (39)	44 (40)
> 37 U/mL	105 (59)	104 (62)			68 (61)	67 (60)
Preoperative raised serum CEA			0.532	0.08			0.771	0.07
≤ 5 ng/mL	149 (84)	136 (80)			90 (81)	87 (78)
> 5 ng/mL	29 (16)	33 (20)			21 (19)	24 (22)
Preoperative biliary drainage			0.239	0.16			0.381	0.13
No	123 (69)	104 (62)			76 (68)	69 (62)
Yes	55 (31)	65 (38)			35 (32)	42 (38)

^aP < 0.05.

PSM: Propensity score matching; SMD: Standardized mean difference; BMI: Body mass index; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis stage; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen.

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Citation: Guo XY, Zhang JZ, Guo T, Huang XR, Zhu DS, Zhang Z, Zheng H, Yu YH, Zhang ZW. Textbook outcome as a predictor of long-term prognosis in ampullary cancer: A retrospective cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(48): 122776
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i48/122776.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.122776

Guo XY, Zhang JZ, Guo T, Huang XR, Zhu DS, Zhang Z, Zheng H, Yu YH, Zhang ZW. Textbook outcome as a predictor of long-term prognosis in ampullary cancer: A retrospective cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(48): 122776 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.122776]

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