Survival prediction for patients with malignant biliary obstruction caused by biliary tract cancer undergoing percutaneous biliary decompression

Table 2 Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis of factors associated with overall survival in patients with biliary tract cancer-malignant biliary obstruction in the training group

Characteristics	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Gender		0.255
Female
Male	1.209 (0.872-1.677)
Age	1.020 (1.003-1.036)	0.019
Bismuth type		0.078
I
II	0.388 (0.162-0.926)
III	0.466 (0.212-1.025)
IV	0.606 (0.277-1.325)
Interventions		0.522
Plastic catheter
Metal stent	0.754 (0.447-1.274)
Irradiation seeds	0.853 (0.491-1.481)
Subtype of tumor		0.002		0.002
ICC
PCC	0.781 (0.418-1.457)		0.535 (0.344-0.833)
DCC	0.445 (0.250-0.790)		0.479 (0.285-0.804)
GBC	0.403 (0.213-0.762)		1.266 (0.648-2.477)
M stage		0.022
0
1	1.596 (1.069-2.383)
History of surgery		0.267
No
Yes	1.231 (0.853-1.776)
Subsequent surgery		< 0.001		< 0.001
No
Yes	0.230 (0.101-0.526)		0.226 (0.096-0.530)
Subsequent chemotherapy		0.002
No
Yes	0.376 (0.203-0.695)
Subsequent radiotherapy		0.152
No
Yes	0.714 (0.450-1.132)
Subsequent targeted therapy		0.041
No
Yes	0.234 (0.058-0.944)
Gallstones		0.683
No
Yes	0.915 (0.596-1.404)
Hydrothorax		0.367
No
Yes	1.254 (0.767-2.053)
Ascites		0.008
No
Yes	1.714 (1.149-2.558)
Hydrops		0.043
No
Yes	1.483 (1.012-2.173)
ALT (IU/L)	1.000 (0.998-1.001)	0.713
AST (IU/L)	1.001 (1.000-1.003)	0.037
γ-GT (IU/L)	1.000 (0.999-1.000)	0.298
AKP (IU/L)	1.000 (1.000-1.001)	0.208
ALB (g/L)	0.922 (0.893-0.952)	< 0.001
GLB (g/L)	1.009 (0.986-1.033)	0.433
TB (μmol/L)	1.002 (1.001-1.003)	< 0.001	1.002 (1.001-1.004)	< 0.001
DB (μmol/L)	1.003 (1.002-1.005)	< 0.001
TB/DB	0.655 (0.280-1.531)	0.329
TC (mmol/L)	0.944 (0.894-0.997)	0.039	0.913 (0.856-0.973)	0.005
TG (mmol/L)	0.965 (0.855-1.090)	0.569
BUN (mmol/L)	1.054 (1.023-1.086)	< 0.001
Cr (μmol/L)	1.005 (1.001-1.008)	0.005
K (mmol/L)	0.621 (0.429-0.898)	0.011
Na (mmol/L)	0.897 (0.859-0.936)	< 0.001	0.918 (0.876-0.963)	< 0.001
Cl (mmol/L)	0.939 (0.903-0.977)	0.002
Ca (mmol/L)	0.153 (0.050-0.462)	< 0.001
Glu (mmol/L)	0.943 (0.856-1.039)	0.235
WBC (× 109/L)	1.099 (1.049-1.152)	< 0.001
N percentage	1.017 (1.001-1.033)	0.032
L percentage	0.968 (0.949-0.988)	0.002
NLR	1.008 (1.000-1.015)	0.055
Hb (g/L)	0.988 (0.981-0.995)	0.001	0.984 (0.974-0.994)	0.001
PLT (× 109/L)	0.999 (0.998-1.001)	0.344
CEA (ng/mL)		< 0.001
< 5
≥ 5	1.758 (1.269-2.436)
CA19-9 (U/mL)		< 0.001		< 0.001
< 1000
≥ 1000	2.552 (1.835-3.548)		1.898 (1.296-2.781)
HBP		0.017
No
Yes	1.480 (1.074-2.038)
Diabetes		0.826
No
Yes	1.052 (0.669-1.655)
Smoke		0.331
No
Yes	1.208 (0.826-1.768)
ECOG PS score		0.002
0
1	0.369 (0.192-0.712)
2 or 3	0.524 (0.349-0.788)

ICC: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; PCC: Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma; DCC: Distal cholangiocarcinoma; GBC: Gallbladder carcinoma; M stage: Metastasis stage; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; γ-GT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; AKP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALB: Albumin; GLB: Globulin; TB: Total bilirubin; DB: Direct bilirubin; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cr: Creatinine; K: Potassium; Na: Sodium; Cl: Chloride; Ca: Calcium; Glu: Glucose; WBC: White blood cell; N: Neutrophil; L: Lymphocyte; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Hb: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; HBP: Hypertension; ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.