Trans-3-indoleacrylic acid ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by modulating macrophage M1 polarization through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway

Figure 2 Trans-3-indoleacrylic acid preserves intestinal barrier integrity and reduces intestinal permeability in mice with colitis. A: Fluorescence intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran in serum; B-D: Relative mRNA expression of Tjp1, Ocln, and Cldn1 in colonic tissues; E-G: Representative immunoblots and the relative protein expression of ZO-1 and Occludin in colonic tissues; H: Representative images of colonic sections stained with alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (scale bars = 50 μm); I: Number of goblet cells. The data are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 6 mice per group). Group comparisons were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. ^aP < 0.01, ^bP < 0.001, ^cP < 0.0001. DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; IDA: Trans-3-indoleacrylic acid; FITC-Dextran: Fluorescein isothiocyanate-Dextran; AB-PAS: Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff.