Clinical features and biomarkers associated with ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

doi:10.3748/wjg.123374

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Meta-Analysis

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2026; 32(46): 123374
Published online Dec 14, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.123374

Table 5 Meta-analysis of biomarkers in ulcerative colitis vs controls

	Number of studies	Effect size (95%CI)	I² value
FC positivity (OR)
UC compared to CD	10	0.8029 (0.3844-1.6770)	75.20%
UC compared to IBS	1	10.0918 (3.5706-28.5235)	Ne
UC compared to IBD-U	2	0.5636 (0.0665-4.7739)	0.00%
UC compared to other	4	12.7445 (6.7843-23.9407)	0.00%
UC compared to HCs	4	285.5777 (68.7070-1186.9908)	0.00%
FC levels (MD)
UC compared to CD	24	-10.6616 (-66.3126 to 44.9894)	97.70%
UC compared to IBS	5	696.306 (512.3838-880.2281)	99.00%
UC compared to other	3	120.338 (-70.7491 to 311.4251)	89.20%
UC compared to HCs	26	426.2342 (335.0397-517.4287)	100.00%
p-ANCA positivity (OR)
UC compared to CD	47	8.7037 (6.6969-11.3119)	53.30%
UC compared to IC	1	4.0000 (0.9281-17.2388)	Ne
UC compared to ITB	2	15.8809 (3.8349-65.7653)	0.00%
UC compared to IBS	1	23.5926 (1.2322-451.7344)	Ne
UC compared to IE	2	28.3675 (3.6668-219.4573)	0.00%
UC compared to IBD-U	3	26.5096 (7.3220-95.9795)	38.90%
UC compared to other	25	21.7577 (14.9375-31.6918)	39.90%
UC compared to HCs	28	41.5012 (25.1279-68.5433)	34.20%
p-ANCA levels (MD)
UC compared to CD	2	27.7359 (14.6785-40.7934)	80.00%
UC compared to other	2	28.8051 (17.2770-40.3332)	74.90%
UC compared to HCs	2	35.2552 (9.7248-60.7855)	95.10%
ESR positivity (OR)
UC compared to CD	16	0.5707 (0.4029-0.8084)	29.40%
UC compared to ITB	3	0.6025 (0.3372-1.0764)	0.00%
UC compared to IE	1	37.8889 (2.1467-668.7448)	Ne
UC compared to IBD-U	1	3.6000 (0.8636-15.0076)	Ne
UC compared to other	1	0.9327 (0.4731-1.8387)	Ne
ESR levels (MD)
UC compared to CD	40	-2.8644 (-4.9876 to -0.7413)	75.80%
UC compared to IC	1	12.53 (0.4956-24.5644)	Ne
UC compared to IBS	3	10.881 (5.3579-16.4042)	98.90%
UC compared to IE	1	6.4000 (3.5673-9.2327)	Ne
UC compared to other	4	14.1143 (9.0235-19.2051)	97.40%
UC compared to HCs	46	17.5460 (14.2601-20.8319)	99.50%
CRP positivity (OR)
UC compared to CD	25	0.7290 (0.5448-0.9754)	51.70%
UC compared to ITB	4	1.0034 (0.5722-1.7593)	0.00%
UC compared to IBS	1	4.8125 (0.8807-26.2985)	Ne
UC compared to IE	1	22.4545 (4.3865-114.9443)	Ne
UC compared to IBD-U	1	1.3077 (0.3115-5.4896)	Ne
UC compared to other	2	1.0133 (0.5217-1.9680)	0.00%
UC compared to HCs	2	34.2172 (4.5295-258.4887)	0.00%
CRP levels (MD)
UC compared to CD	36	-3.7779 (-6.0523 to -1.5034)	93.00%
UC compared to IC	1	-23.2300 (-26.4149 to -20.0451)	Ne
UC compared to IBS	3	13.8121 (6.6713-20.9528)	99.00%
UC compared to IE	1	10.8 (8.7659-12.8341)	Ne
UC compared to IBD-U	1	6.71 (5.9886-7.4314)	Ne
UC compared to other	5	5.16 (2.2605-8.0596)	98.60%
UC compared to HCs	81	15.126 (12.1893-18.0627)	99.90%

OR: Odds ratios; CI: Confidence intervals; MD: Mean differences; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; IC: Ischemic colitis; IBD-U: Inflammatory bowel disease unclassified; IE: Infectious enteritis; ITB: Intestinal tuberculosis; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; HCs: Healthy controls; Other: Unspecified diseases; FC: Fecal calprotectin; p-ANCA: Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; Ne: There is only one type of disease in the control group, or only a single study was included, precluding the assessment of heterogeneity.

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Citation: Liu K, Zhang XH, Zhou XY, Liu YX, Pan SQ, Liu TX, Russell R, Wang XH, Yao YP, Zhao XJ, Sun HY, Ju CL, Liu JP, Liu ZL. Clinical features and biomarkers associated with ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(46): 123374
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i46/123374.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.123374

Liu K, Zhang XH, Zhou XY, Liu YX, Pan SQ, Liu TX, Russell R, Wang XH, Yao YP, Zhao XJ, Sun HY, Ju CL, Liu JP, Liu ZL. Clinical features and biomarkers associated with ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(46): 123374 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.123374]

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