Clinical features and biomarkers associated with ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

doi:10.3748/wjg.123374

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Meta-Analysis

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2026; 32(46): 123374
Published online Dec 14, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.123374

Table 3 Meta-analysis of extraintestinal manifestations in ulcerative colitis vs controls

	Number of studies	OR (95%CI)	I² value
Overall EIMs
UC compared to CD	37	0.4676 (0.3596-0.6081)	90.00%
UC compared to IC	1	22.8806 (1.2901-405.7843)	Ne
UC compared to ITB	1	2.9765 (1.9716-4.4936)	Ne
Arthritis
UC compared to CD	83	0.6018 (0.5059-0.7159)	86.70%
UC compared to IC	3	1.0689 (0.1786-6.3983)	0.00%
UC compared to ITB	2	1.9731 (0.3509-11.0959)	44.30%
UC compared to IBD-U	5	0.552 (0.2304-1.3225)	67.10%
UC compared to other	2	0.4221 (0.0378-4.7080)	86.50%
UC compared to HCs	5	2.7051 (1.6184-4.5214)	96.80%
Oral lesions
UC compared to CD	51	0.3176 (0.2285-0.4414)	61.80%
UC compared to IC	2	2.1854 (0.0611-78.1549)	63.10%
UC compared to ITB	2	0.3614 (0.0125-10.4663)	80.90%
UC compared to IBD-U	5	0.5973 (0.2640-1.3518)	15.20%
UC compared to other	1	0.0029 (0.0003-0.0243)	Ne
UC compared to HCs	1	15.7109 (0.8862-278.5145)	Ne
Dermatological manifestations
UC compared to CD	72	0.5394 (0.4539-0.6411)	56.40%
UC compared to ITB	1	2.4982 (0.3267-19.1032)	Ne
UC compared to IBD-U	3	0.1441 (0.0783-0.2652)	63.80%
UC compared to other	1	0.0089 (0.0005-0.1678)	Ne
UC compared to HCs	5	1.9999 (1.4759-2.7101)	61.40%
Ocular involvement
UC compared to CD	45	0.6127 (0.4712-0.7968)	57.90%
UC compared to IC	1	2.5765 (0.1018-65.1991)	Ne
UC compared to ITB	1	2.333 (0.5494-9.9066)	Ne
UC compared to IBD-U	2	1.758 (0.2898-10.6648)	0.00%
UC compared to HCs	1	2.3863 (1.9858-2.8676)	Ne
Hepatobiliary involvement
UC compared to CD	44	1.2127 (0.8564-1.7171)	82.20%
UC compared to ITB	1	1.961 (0.1080-35.6005)	Ne
UC compared to IBD-U	2	1.5412 (0.8790-2.7021)	0.00%
UC compared to other	1	1.5086 (0.1948-11.6805)	Ne
UC compared to HCs	3	5.2312 (0.6907-39.6177)	98.60%

UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; IC: Ischemic colitis; ITB: Intestinal tuberculosis; OR: Odds ratios; CI: Confidence intervals; IBD-U: Inflammatory bowel disease unclassified; Other: Unspecified diseases; HCs: Healthy controls; EIMs: Extraintestinal manifestations; Ne: There is only one type of disease in the control group, or only a single study was included, precluding the assessment of heterogeneity.

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Citation: Liu K, Zhang XH, Zhou XY, Liu YX, Pan SQ, Liu TX, Russell R, Wang XH, Yao YP, Zhao XJ, Sun HY, Ju CL, Liu JP, Liu ZL. Clinical features and biomarkers associated with ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(46): 123374
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i46/123374.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.123374

Liu K, Zhang XH, Zhou XY, Liu YX, Pan SQ, Liu TX, Russell R, Wang XH, Yao YP, Zhao XJ, Sun HY, Ju CL, Liu JP, Liu ZL. Clinical features and biomarkers associated with ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(46): 123374 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.123374]

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