Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides attenuates spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia via dual modulation of gastric epithelial cell fate and macrophage polarization

Figure 4 Analysis of M2-macrophages in gastric tissue by immunofluorescence and real-time polymerase chain reaction. A: Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis of the M2 macrophage polarization marker F4/80+ CD163+; B: Statistical evaluation of the IF results (F4/80+ iNOS+) conducted using Image J 6.0 software; C: IF analysis of the M1 macrophage polarization marker F4/80+ iNOS+; D: Statistical evaluation of the IF results (F4/80+ CD163+) conducted using Image J 6.0 software; E and F: Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of CD206 and CD163 expression levels. The data are represented as mean ± SD, Sample sizes: IF analysis, n = 3; real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, n = 6. ^aP < 0.05, ^cP < 0.001, vs control; ^dP < 0.05, ^eP < 0.01, ^fP < 0.001, vs spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia model. Ctrl: Control; SPEM: Spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia; WFC: Weifuchun capsule; H-DOP: High-dose Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides; L-DOP: Low-dose Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides.