Long-term lymphoma risk in thiopurine-treated inflammatory bowel disease: A 15-year propensity-matched cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with inflammatory bowel disease taking thiopurines and patients with inflammatory bowel disease taking 5-aminosalicylic acid and not taking thiopurines or biologics, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics	Before PSM			After PSM
	IBD with thiopurines (n = 42310)	IBD with 5-ASA (n = 84093)	SMD	IBD with thiopurines (n = 38781)	IBD with 5-ASA (n = 38781)	SMD
Age, years	41.6 ± 18.9	47.5 ± 19.0	0.311	42.6 ± 18.8	43.3 ± 18.6	0.038
Sex
Male	19675 (47.1)	38379 (46.3)	0.018	18277 (47.1)	18435 (47.5)	0.008
Female	22024 (52.8)	44512 (53.7)	0.008	20466 (52.8)	20305 (52.4)	0.008
Race
White	32869 (78.7)	62615 (75.5)	0.078	30306 (78.1)	30565 (78.8)	0.016
Black or African American	3749 (9.0)	7531 (9.1)	0.003	3490 (9.0)	3373 (8.7)	0.011
Asian	888 (2.1)	2327 (2.8)	0.044	872 (2.2)	789 (2.0)	0.015
American Indian or Alaska native	168 (0.4)	285 (0.3)	0.010	153 (0.4)	131 (0.3)	0.009
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	60 (0.1)	143 (0.2)	0.007	60 (0.2)	59 (0.2)	0.001
Unknown race	3041 (7.3)	7638 (9.2)	0.070	2964 (7.6)	2988 (7.7)	0.002
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino	1862 (4.5)	4370 (5.3)	0.037	1789 (4.6)	1613 (4.2)	0.022
Not Hispanic or Latino	31775 (76.1)	60134 (72.5)	0.083	29271 (75.5)	29640 (76.4)	0.022
Unknown ethnicity	8105 (19.4)	18463 (22.3)	0.070	7721 (19.9)	7528 (19.4)	0.013
Comorbidities
Essential hypertension	7153 (17.1)	17234 (20.8)	0.093	6769 (17.5)	6717 (17.3)	0.004
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	2711 (6.5)	6427 (7.7)	0.049	2558 (6.6)	2492 (6.4)	0.007
Rheumatoid arthritis	633 (1.5)	808 (1.0)	0.049	512 (1.3)	508 (1.3)	0.001
Psoriasis	593 (1.4)	769 (0.9)	0.046	489 (1.3)	446 (1.2)	0.010
Alcohol abuse	410 (1.0)	1102 (1.3)	0.032	401 (1.0)	375 (1.0)	0.007
Systemic lupus erythematosus	502 (1.2)	362 (0.4)	0.085	289 (0.7)	318 (0.8)	0.008
Nicotine dependence	2832 (6.8)	5215 (6.3)	0.020	2614 (6.7)	2578 (6.6)	0.004

Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with inflammatory bowel disease taking thiopurines and patients with inflammatory bowel disease taking 5-aminosalicylic acid and not taking thiopurines or biologics before and after propensity score matching. Standardized mean differences quantify covariable imbalance with values > 0.1 indicating clinically meaningful differences. 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylates; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; PSM: Propensity score matching; SMD: Standardized mean difference.