Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients

doi:10.3748/wjg.122956

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2026; 32(44): 122956
Published online Nov 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.122956

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Figure 6 Spearman correlation heatmap of immune and metabolic indicators. The heatmap illustrates the correlations among polymorphonuclear myeloidderived suppressor cells, cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ), and amino acid metabolites (ornithine, arginine, ornithine/arginine ratio). Red indicates positive correlation; blue indicates negative correlation. P < 0.05 (two-sided; Spearman correlation). IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; PMN-MDSC: Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells; Orn: Ornithine; Arg: Arginine; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ.

Citation: Qiu JR, Zhang HB, Shang M, Xu J, Fu YC, Liao Y, Hu B, Dong HM. Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 122956
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i44/122956.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.122956

Qiu JR, Zhang HB, Shang M, Xu J, Fu YC, Liao Y, Hu B, Dong HM. Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 122956 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.122956]

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