Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients

doi:10.3748/wjg.122956

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2026; 32(44): 122956
Published online Nov 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.122956

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Figure 3 Gating strategy for myeloid-derived suppressor cell and lymphocyte subsets. Total myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were defined as CD45⁺CD3^-CD19^-CD56^-CD16^-HLA-DR^-CD33⁺CD11b⁺ cells. Within this gate, CD14⁺ cells are monocytic MDSCs and CD15⁺ cells are polymorphonuclear MDSCs. Lymphocyte subsets: CD3⁺ (T cells), CD3^-CD19⁺ (B cells), CD3^-CD56⁺ (natural killer cells), and CD3⁺CD56⁺ (natural killer T cells). MDSC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells; FSC-H: Forward scatter-height; SSC-A: Side scatter-area; WBC: White blood cell; APC: Allophycocyanin; HLA: Human leukocyte antigen; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; PMN-MDSC: Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells; M-MDSC: Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells; PE: Phycoerythrin.

Citation: Qiu JR, Zhang HB, Shang M, Xu J, Fu YC, Liao Y, Hu B, Dong HM. Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 122956
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i44/122956.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.122956

Qiu JR, Zhang HB, Shang M, Xu J, Fu YC, Liao Y, Hu B, Dong HM. Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 122956 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.122956]

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