Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients

Figure 2 Radar chart of cytokine levels among the four groups. Relative levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-4 are shown after normalization to the healthy controls group (set to 1). Each axis represents one cytokine; the area covered by each group reflects its overall cytokine profile. HC: Healthy controls; C. sinensis: Clonorchis sinensis mono-infected participants; HBV: Hepatitis B virus mono-infected participants; Co-infected: Co-infected participants; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN-γ: Interferon-γ.