Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients

doi:10.3748/wjg.122956

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2026; 32(44): 122956
Published online Nov 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.122956

Table 2 Myeloid-derived suppressor cell and lymphocyte subsets by group, median (interquartile range)

	HC group (n = 30)	Clonorchis sinensis group (n = 29)	HBV group (n = 28)	Co-infected group (n = 30)
PMN-MDSCs (%)	0.09 (0.01-0.27)	0.33 (0.00-0.76)^a	0.20 (0.04-0.61)^a	0.38 (0.10-1.12)^a^,^c
M-MDSCs (%)	0.10 (0.01-0.29)	0.07 (0.01-0.85)	0.14 (0.01-0.55)	0.17 (0.05-2.50)^a^,^b
T lymphocytes (%)	67.83 (38.26-81.54)	68.56 (43.92-87.07)	65.65 (52.87-81.95)	70.74 (49.41-89.78)
B lymphocytes (%)	10.45 (4.38-22.92)	12.95 (2.90-35.81)	13.33 (2.16-28.10)	15.12 (4.25-24.34)^a
NK lymphocytes (%)	16.07 (5.76-42.67)	12.73 (4.08-35.29)	15.48 (5.95-39.80)	11.20 (3.31-34.52)^a
NK T lymphocytes (%)	4.55 (0.49-21.37)	4.28 (0.47-13.22)	3.38 (1.54-11.44)	2.79 (0.47-25.92)

^aP < 0.05 vs healthy control group.

^bP < 0.05 vs Clonorchis sinensis group.

^cP < 0.05 vs hepatitis B virus group.

HC: Healthy controls; HBV: Hepatitis B virus mono-infected participants; Co-infected: Co-infected participants; Clonorchis sinensis: Clonorchis sinensis mono-infected participants; PMN-MDSCs: Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells; M-MDSCs: Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells; NK: Natural killer.

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Citation: Qiu JR, Zhang HB, Shang M, Xu J, Fu YC, Liao Y, Hu B, Dong HM. Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 122956
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i44/122956.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.122956

Qiu JR, Zhang HB, Shang M, Xu J, Fu YC, Liao Y, Hu B, Dong HM. Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 122956 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.122956]

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