Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients

doi:10.3748/wjg.122956

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Nov 28, 2026; 32(44): 122956
Published online Nov 28, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.122956

Table 1 Baseline characteristics, median (interquartile range)

	HC group (n = 30)	Clonorchis sinensis group (n = 29)	HBV group (n = 28)	Co-infected group (n = 30)
Age, years (mean ± SD)	47.77 ± 9.49	48.59 ± 14.26	46.82 ± 9.83	47.87 ± 10.16
Gender (male/female)	30/2	30/3	28/3	30/2
HBV DNA log₁₀ copies/mL	Negative	Negative	2.00 (1.08-7.20)	2.00 (1.43-8.85)^c
Clonorchis sinensis eggs (n/g)	Negative	200 (100-1400)	Negative	200 (100-1100)
ALT (U/L)	19.00 (8.00-44.00)	28.00 (8.00-95.00)	51.00 (7.00-225.00)^a	37.50 (5.00-986.00)^a^,^b
AST (U/L)	20.00 (14.00-27.00)	23.00 (11.00-60.00)	50.50 (16.00-138.00)^a	36.50 (11.00-485.00)^a^,^b
TB (μmol/L)	5.90 (3.20-24.20)	6.90 (4.00-262.60)	12.80 (6.00-635.50)^a	14.80 (3.00-115.40)^a^,^b

^aP < 0.05 vs healthy control group.

^bP < 0.05 vs Clonorchis sinensis group.

^cP < 0.05 vs hepatitis B virus group.

Age and sex distributions were comparable across the four groups (all P > 0.05). HC: Healthy controls; HBV: Hepatitis B virus mono-infected participants; Co-infected: Co-infected participants; Clonorchis sinensis: Clonorchis sinensis mono-infected participants; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TB: Total bilirubin.

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Citation: Qiu JR, Zhang HB, Shang M, Xu J, Fu YC, Liao Y, Hu B, Dong HM. Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 122956
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i44/122956.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.122956

Qiu JR, Zhang HB, Shang M, Xu J, Fu YC, Liao Y, Hu B, Dong HM. Clonorchis sinensis co-infection potentiates polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells expansion and metabolic reprogramming in chronic hepatitis B patients. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(44): 122956 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.122956]

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