Applications of nanozymes in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies

Table 2 Applications of nanozymes in non-invasive diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies

Types of tumors	Nanozyme	Mimic activity	Mechanism and Function	Detecting substances	Sample	Ref.
Gastric cancer	Au@Pt NRs	Peroxidase	Integration of nanozyme catalysis, gold nanoparticle amplification, and catalytic hairpin amplification	miR-196b and miR-221	Serum	[15]
	Co-TA@Ag NPs(3-MPBA)	Peroxidase	Hydroxyl esterification reaction of D-alanine, D-proline, and 3-MPBA	D-alanine and D-proline	Stomach fluid and saliva	[18-20]
	MoS2	Horseradish peroxidase	Utilizing nanozymes, hybridization chain reaction, and enzyme-catalyzed amplification technology	miR-19b-3p	Healthy individuals and stage I & III gastric cancer patients	[16]
	PEI-CuFc	Peroxidase	Sensitivity in colorimetric detection; high-efficiency peroxidase-mimicking catalyst	D-amino acids and urease	Saliva	[21]
	Pt/Ti3C2Tx Mxene	Peroxidase and thermal performance	Colorimetric-photothermal dual-mode detection and oxidation of chromogenic substrates	D-amino acids	Saliva	[22]
	Fe3O4@Pt	Peroxidase	Integration of transition metal doping, noble metal loading, and nano-peroxidase-mediated signal amplification strategies	CA72-4	Serum	[17]
Colorectal cancer	CoPt3@HA	Peroxidase	Peroxidase activity catalyzed colorimetric reaction	Circulating cancer stem cells	Blood and stool	[23]