Combined vascular resection and reconstruction for locally advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: A multicenter study

Table 3 Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses for overall survival in the vascular resection cohort

Variable	Univariable		Multivariable
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age
> 70	1.49 (0.95-2.33)	0.079	1.67 (1.01-2.76)	0.047
≤ 70
Sex
Male	1.18 (0.77-1.80)	0.461	NA	NA
Female
Bismuth type
4	3.37 (2.09-5.43)	< 0.001	1.23 (0.69-2.19)	0.476
1, 2, 3
Combined PD
Yes	2.03 (0.88-4.68)	0.096	NA	NA
No
CA19-9
≤ 100	3.43 (2.10-5.59)	< 0.001	0.65 (0.35-1.23)	0.189
> 100
T stage
T4	2.45 (1.31-4.59)	0.005	3.47 (1.71-7.05)	0.001
T1, T2, T3
Lymph node metastasis
N1-2	5.80 (3.64-9.25)	< 0.001	2.56 (1.19-5.52)	0.016
N0
Distant metastasis
M1	34.46 (12.30-96.90)	< 0.001	9.04 (3.11-26.32)	< 0.001
M0
Histologic grade
G1, G2	0.18 (0.09-0.35)	< 0.001	0.33 (0.15-0.73)	0.006
G3
Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy
Yes	0.51 (0.33-0.78)	0.002	0.86 (0.53-1.40)	0.547
No
Pathologic vascular invasion
Yes	2.99 (1.90-4.70)	< 0.001	1.91 (1.14-3.20)	0.013
No
Pathologic nerve invasion
Yes	4.24 (2.68-6.69)	< 0.001	1.52 (0.85-2.72)	0.162
No
Surgery type
HAR	1.01 (0.66-1.54)	0.962	NA	NA
PVR
Longitudinal tumor invasion length (cm)	11.87 (5.94-23.70)	< 0.001	3.40 (1.41-8.19)	0.007
≤ 3
> 3
NLR	1.60 (1.37-1.87)	< 0.001	1.00 (0.81-1.28)	0.883
PLR (per 20 unit)	2.19 (1.81-2.65)	< 0.001	1.45 (1.12-1.88)	0.004
CEA	1.00 (0.98-1.02)	0.982	NA	NA
ALB	0.92 (0.86-0.99)	0.019	1.05 (0.97-1.15)	0.196

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence intervals; PD: Pancreatoduodenectomy; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; PVR: Portal vein resection; HAR: Hepatic artery resection; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; ALB: Albumin; NA: Not applicable.