Combined vascular resection and reconstruction for locally advanced perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: A multicenter study

Table 2 Perioperative outcomes and complications stratified by vascular resection type, n (%)/median (range)

Variables	Non-VR (n = 204)	PVR (n = 51)	HAR (n = 65)	P value (PVR vs HAR)	P value (non-VR vs VR)
Operation time (minutes)	314 (230-588)	425 (270-775)	496 (326-835)	0.002	< 0.001
Operative blood loss (mL)	600 (200-3000)	900 (220-4000)	900 (250-2400)	0.532	< 0.001
Blood transfusion	29 (14)	20 (40)	24 (39)	0.916	< 0.001
Liver failure ISGLS grade				0.939	0.005
Grade B	23 (11)	12 (24)	14 (22)
Grade C	3 (1.5)	2 (3.9)	3 (4.6)
Second operation	9 (4.4)	3 (5.9)	3 (4.6)	1.000	0.973
Clavien-Dindo				0.915	0.013
Grade 3	69 (34)	19 (37)	23 (35)
Grade 4	4 (2)	3 (5.9)	3 (4.6)
Grade 5 (death)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.0)	3 (4.6)
Bile leakage ISGLS grade ≥ B	50 (25)	13 (25)	18 (28)	0.761	0.686
Pancreatic fistula ISGPS grade ≥ B	39 (19)	10 (20)	12 (18)	0.729	0.696
Intraperitoneal abscess	15 (7.4)	3 (5.9)	4 (6.2)	1.000	0.827
Pleural effusion	17 (8.3)	5 (9.8)	9 (14)	0.707	0.374
Ascites	4 (2.0)	4 (7.8)	5 (7.7)	1.000	0.809
HA-associated complication				0.032	0.001
Thrombosis	0 (0)	0 (0)	3 (4.6)
Bleeding	3 (1.5)	1 (2.0)	2 (3.1)
Liver abscess	4 (2.0)	1 (2.0)	2 (3.1)
Liver infarction	1 (0.5)	1 (2.0)	6 (9.2)
PV thrombosis	3 (1.5)	4 (7.8)	3 (4.6)	0.698	0.040

VR: Vascular resection; Non-VR: Non-vascular resection; PVR: Portal vein resection; HAR: Hepatic artery resection; ISGLS: International Study Group of Liver Surgery; ISGPS: International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery; HA: Hepatic artery; PV: Portal vein.