Portal vein-based subsegmental classification of liver segment four for parenchyma-sparing laparoscopic resection: A retrospective study

Figure 5 Type Ic classification: Fully dispersed Glissonean branching pattern in segment 4. A-C: Axial contrast-enhanced computed tomography images from a representative type Ic case, showing fine and scattered Glissonean branches (Glissonean pedicles of segments 4a and 4b) supplying cranial and caudal subsegments without a dominant trunk; D: Three-dimensional portal vein reconstruction confirming a dispersed origin of multiple small Glissonean pedicles, each individually supplying subregions of segment 4 (S4); E: Schematic diagram illustrating the cranial-caudal perfusion pattern of S4 in type Ic, characterized by multiple independently arising Glissonean branches rather than a single dominant pedicle. G4: Glissonean pedicles of segment 4.